Elder Futhark

The oldest commonly recognized form of the runic alphabet, consisting of twenty-four characters historically used by early Germanic peoples and later interpreted for symbolic, linguistic, and divinatory purposes.

The Elder Futhark is a runic alphabet of twenty-four characters used among early Germanic-speaking peoples during the first several centuries of the Common Era. In addition to their linguistic function, the runes later became associated with symbolic and interpretive meanings within various cultural, esoteric, and divinatory traditions. Modern interpretations may differ considerably from their historical uses, so the Elder Futhark can be understood both as an ancient writing system and as a later symbolic framework.