Essence

A metaphysical concept referring to the fundamental nature or defining characteristics that make a thing what it is.

Essence is a central concept in metaphysics concerned with the qualities or characteristics regarded as fundamental to what a thing is. Philosophical inquiry into essence asks which features are necessary to an entity’s identity and which can change without altering what that entity essentially is. Questions about essence often connect with existence, identity, substance, properties, necessity, possibility, and change, especially when considering whether the nature of a thing can be distinguished from the fact that it exists.